What Is the Morning-After Pill? How to Use It? Side Effects Explained

When an unexpected unprotected encounter occurs, the first solution that often comes to mind is the morning-after pill. As one of the most recognized emergency contraception methods, it can significantly reduce the risk of pregnancy when used correctly. However, it is crucial to understand its usage, duration of effect, and possible side effects.

How Does the Morning-After Pill Work?

The morning-after pill contains hormones that temporarily affect a woman’s reproductive cycle. Its primary purpose is to prevent sperm from meeting the egg or to stop a fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. Different types of pills work on similar principles, but their duration of action varies.

Delaying Ovulation

The main effect of the morning-after pill is delaying ovulation. When the monthly release of an egg is postponed, sperm cannot reach it, preventing fertilization. With hormonal support, ovulation is delayed for a few days, significantly lowering the chance of pregnancy.

Preventing Fertilization

Some morning-after pills work by directly preventing sperm from fertilizing the egg. This effect is strongest when the pill is taken within the first 24 hours. As time passes, effectiveness decreases and the likelihood of pregnancy increases.

Preventing Implantation

The pill can also prevent a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine lining. Temporarily, the uterus becomes unsuitable for implantation, preventing pregnancy even if fertilization has occurred. However, it must be remembered that the morning-after pill does not terminate an existing pregnancy.

When Should You Take the Morning-After Pill?

The morning-after pill should be taken after unprotected sex or when a birth control method fails. It works best when taken within the first 24 hours. While it can remain effective up to 72 hours, each hour of delay lowers its effectiveness. Some types, such as ulipristal acetate, can work for up to 120 hours.

How to Use the Morning-After Pill

These pills usually come in a single-dose tablet taken orally. Instructions may differ by brand, so always read the leaflet carefully. If vomiting occurs within two hours of taking the pill, another dose may be needed. The pill does not protect against repeated unprotected intercourse, so using condoms afterward is essential. The morning-after pill is not a regular birth control method. For long-term protection, you can read comprehensive guides about birth control or consult a specialist to determine the best method for you.

Which Morning-After Pill Is More Effective? Ulipristal or Levonorgestrel?

There are two main types of morning-after pills: ulipristal and levonorgestrel. Both are effective in preventing pregnancy, but their duration and usage conditions differ.

Duration and Effectiveness

• Levonorgestrel: Effective up to 72 hours; highest success within the first 24 hours.

• Ulipristal: Works up to 120 hours, especially beneficial between days 3–5.

Timing of Use

Levonorgestrel pills are most effective when taken within 12–24 hours. Ulipristal can be used within 5 days but is more effective the earlier it is taken.

When to Choose Which?

• For immediate access: Levonorgestrel is a convenient option.

• After 3 days: Ulipristal is more suitable.

• For women with higher BMI: Ulipristal is generally considered more effective.

Factors That Reduce the Effectiveness of the Morning-After Pill

The morning-after pill is generally a reliable emergency contraception method. However, certain conditions may lower its effectiveness. Knowing these factors is key to correct use and increasing the chances of protection.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Research shows that levonorgestrel-based pills may be less effective in women with a high BMI. For those with a BMI over 30, the likelihood of preventing pregnancy decreases. In such cases, ulipristal acetate pills or alternatives like an intrauterine device (IUD) may be better options.

Drug Interactions

Some medications can speed up the metabolism of the pill, reducing its effectiveness. Antiepileptic drugs, tuberculosis treatments (such as rifampicin), and certain antibiotics are known to have this effect. Women who take such medications regularly should consult their doctor when they need emergency contraception. An IUD may be suggested as a stronger alternative.

Vomiting and Absorption Issues

If vomiting occurs within the first two hours after taking the pill, it may leave the body before being absorbed, reducing its effect. In such cases, a second dose may be needed. Severe diarrhea can also interfere with absorption, lowering effectiveness. Using additional protection and consulting a healthcare professional is recommended in these situations.

What Are the Side Effects of the Morning-After Pill?

Side effects are usually short-term but can be more noticeable in some women. Regular monitoring and proper medical guidance, such as women’s health check-up packages, can help manage hormonal balance and reproductive health. Common side effects include:

• Menstrual irregularity: Your period may come a few days earlier or later.

• Nausea and vomiting: Caused by the high hormone dose.

• Headaches and dizziness: Linked to hormonal changes.

• Breast tenderness: Short-term soreness or fullness may occur.

• Fatigue: Some users may feel temporary tiredness.

Who Is the Morning-After Pill Suitable For?

The morning-after pill is appropriate for women who want to reduce the risk of pregnancy after unprotected sex. Common scenarios include:

• Unprotected intercourse: When no contraception was used.

• Missed birth control pills: If several daily doses were forgotten.

• Condom accidents: When a condom breaks or slips.

• IUD expulsion: When an intrauterine device falls out.

• After sexual assault: As an emergency precaution against pregnancy.

Does the Morning-After Pill Protect Against Sexually Transmitted Infections?

No. The morning-after pill only prevents pregnancy and does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV, HPV, or chlamydia. Therefore, the risk of infection persists after unprotected intercourse. Especially in new or risky encounters, using barrier methods like condoms is the safest option for both pregnancy and STI prevention. Consulting sexual health services or a doctor can also provide additional protection and guidance.

Morning-After Pill Prices (Updated 2025)

In 2025, the price of morning-after pills in Turkey ranges between 540 TL and 650 TL. Levonorgestrel-based pills typically cost between 540–600 TL, while ulipristal-based pills are sold for 600–650 TL. Prices vary depending on the brand.

What You Should Know About Morning-After Pills in Turkey

In Turkey, morning-after pills are available over the counter without a prescription. The Ministry of Health defines them in national family planning guidelines as an emergency contraception option. For safe and effective use, users are advised to carefully read the leaflet and consult the pharmacist. Public awareness campaigns also emphasize that these pills should only be used in emergencies, not as regular contraception.

Protecting Your Health With Informed Use

The morning-after pill is an effective solution to prevent unintended pregnancies in emergencies. However, it is not a substitute for regular contraception. Correct timing, proper dosage, and awareness of side effects are essential for safe use. When needed, consult a healthcare professional to choose the method most appropriate for your health and lifestyle.